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READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Life lessons from villains, crooks and gangsters
(A) A notorious Mexican drug baron’s audacious escape from prison in July doesn’t, at first, appear to have much to teach corporate boards. But some in the business world suggest otherwise. Beyond the morally reprehensible side of criminals’ work, some business gurus say organised crime syndicates, computer hackers, pirates and others operating outside the law could teach legitimate corporations a thing or two about how to hustle and respond to rapid change.
(C) Joaquin Guzman, the head of the Mexican Sinaloa drug cartel, for instance, slipped out of his prison cell through a tiny hole in his shower that led to a mile-long tunnel fitted with lights and ventilation. Making a break for it required creative thinking, long-term planning and perseverance – essential skills similar to those needed to achieve success in big business.
(E) By contrast, many legitimate businesses fail because they hesitate to adapt quickly to changing market winds. One high-profile example is movie and game rental company Blockbuster, which didn’t keep up with the market and lost business to mail order video rentals and streaming technologies. The brand has all but faded from view. Liddell argues the difference between the two groups is that criminal organisations often have improvisation encoded into their daily behaviour, while larger companies think of innovation as a set process. “This is a leadership challenge,” said Liddell. “How well companies innovate and organise is a reflection of leadership.”
Left-field thinking
(F) Cash-strapped start-ups also use unorthodox strategies to problem solve and build their businesses up from scratch. This creativity and innovation is often borne out of necessity, such as tight budgets. Both criminals and start-up founders “question authority, act outside the system and see new and clever ways of doing things,” said Goodman. “Either they become Elon Musk or El Chapo.” And, some entrepreneurs aren’t even afraid to operate in legal grey areas in their effort to disrupt the marketplace. The co-founders of music streaming service Napster, for example, knowingly broke music copyright rules with their first online file sharing service, but their technology paved the way for legal innovation as regulators caught up.
(G) Goodman and others believe thinking hard about problem solving before worrying about restrictions could prevent established companies falling victim to rivals less constrained by tradition. In their book The Misfit Economy, Alexa Clay and Kyra Maya Phillips examine how individuals can apply that mindset to become more innovative and entrepreneurial within corporate structures. They studied not just violent criminals like Somali pirates, but others who break the rules in order to find creative solutions to their business problems, such as people living in the slums of Mumbai or computer hackers. They picked out five common traits among this group: the ability to hustle, pivot, provoke, hack and copycat.
(H) Clay gives a Saudi entrepreneur named Walid Abdul-Wahab as a prime example. Abdul-Wahab worked with Amish farmers to bring camel milk to American consumers even before US regulators approved it. Through perseverance, he eventually found a network of Amish camel milk farmers and started selling the product via social media. Now his company, Desert Farms, sells to giant mainstream retailers like Whole Foods Market. Those on the fringe don’t always have the option of traditional, corporate jobs and that forces them to think more creatively about how to make a living, Clay said. They must develop grit and resilience in order to last outside the cushy confines of cubicle life. “In many cases scarcity is the mother of invention,” Clay said.
Free Ielts General Training Reading Sample Questions
A quick overview of IELTS General Training Reading test
Sample questions
Multiple choice
There are three types of multiple choice questions:
Choose the best answer from four choices (A, B, C or D)
Choose the best two answers from five choices (A, B, C, D or E)
Choose the best three answers from seven choices (A, B, C, D, E, F or G)
Each multiple choice question may involve completing a sentence, where you are given the first part of a sentence and then you have to choose the best way to complete it from the options, or you might have to answer a complete question, choosing the option which best answers it.
The questions are presented in the same order as the information in the reading text. So, the answer to the first multiple choice question will be located in the text before the answer to the second multiple choice question, and so on.
Identifying information
When you have to identify information, you will be given a number of statements and asked: “Do the following statements agree with the information in the text?”. When you answer the questions, you write “True”, “False” or “Not given” in the answer boxes.
It is important to understand the difference between “False” and “Not given”. “False” means the passage states the opposite of the statement in question. “Not given” means that the statement is neither confirmed nor contradicted by the information in the passage.
Identifying a writer’s views or claims
In this question type, where you have to identify a writer’s view or claim, you will be given a number of statements and asked: ‘Do the following statements agree with the views/claims of the writer?’. You will then select ‘Yes’, ‘No’ or ‘Not given’.
It is important to understand the difference between ‘No’ and ‘Not given’. ‘No’ means that the views or claims of the writer explicitly disagree with the statement, i.e. the writer expresses the view or makes a claim which is opposite to the one given in the question; ‘Not given’ means that the view or claim is neither confirmed nor contradicted.
Be careful when deciding on your answer that you are not influenced by your own knowledge on the topic area.
This question type assesses your ability to recognise opinions or ideas, and so it is often used with discursive or argumentative texts.
Matching information
In this matching information question type, you are required to locate specific information within the lettered paragraphs or sections of a text, and then you have to select the letters of the correct paragraphs or sections.
You may be asked to find:
You will not necessarily need to find information in every paragraph or section of the text, but there may be more than one piece of information that you need to locate in a given paragraph or section. When this is the case, you will be told that you can use a letter more than once.
This matching information question type can be used with any text, as it tests a wide range of reading skills, from locating detail to recognising a summary or definition.
Matching information assesses your ability to scan for specific information.
Matching headings
A heading refers to the main idea of the paragraph or section of the text. In the matching headings question type, you are given a list of headings and then asked to match the heading to the correct paragraphs or sections. There will always be more headings than there are paragraphs or sections, so some headings will not be used. It is also possible that some paragraphs or sections may not be included in the task. This question type is used with texts that contain paragraphs or sections with clearly defined themes.
Matching headings tests your ability to recognise the main idea or theme in the paragraphs or sections of a text, and to distinguish main ideas from supporting ones.
Matching features
You are required to match a set of statements or pieces of information to a list of options. The options are presented as a group of features from the text with each one identified by letters. For example, you may be required to match different research findings to a list of researchers, or characteristics to age groups, events to historical periods, etc. It is possible that some options will not be used, and that others may be used more than once. The instructions will tell you if you can use the options more than once.
Matching features will assess your ability to recognise relationships and connections between facts in the text and your ability to recognise opinions and theories. It may be used both with factual information, as well as opinion-based discursive texts. You will need to be able to skim and scan the text in order to locate the required information and then to read for detail to match the correct feature.
Matching sentence endings
When you have to match sentence endings, you are given the first half of a sentence based on the reading text and you are asked to choose the best way to complete it from a list of possible options. There will be more options to choose from than there are questions. You will then have to choose the correct option to complete the sentence. The questions are in the same order as the information in the passage: that is, the answer to the first question in this group will be found before the answer to the second question, and so on.
Matching sentence endings assesses your ability to understand the main ideas within a sentence.
Sentence completion
In this sentence completion question type, you will complete sentences taken from the reading text. The instructions will make it clear how many words or numbers you should use in your answer, e.g. ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage’, ‘ONE WORD ONLY’ or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’. If you write more than the number of words in the instruction, you will lose the mark. Numbers can be written using figures or words. Hyphenated words count as single words. The questions are in the same order as the information in the passage: that is, the answer to the first question in this group will be found before the answer to the second question, and so on.
Sentence completion assesses your ability to locate detail or specific information.
Summary, note, table, flow-chart completion
In this summary completion question type, you will be given a summary of a section of the text and are required to complete it with information taken from the text. The summary will usually be of only one part of the passage rather than the whole.
The given information may be in the form of:
several connected sentences of text (referred to as a summary)
several notes (referred to as notes)
a table with some of its cells empty or partially empty (referred to as a table)
a series of boxes or steps linked by arrows to show a sequence of events, with some of the boxes or steps empty or partially empty (referred to as a flow-chart).
The answers will not necessarily occur in the same order as in the text. However, they will usually come from one section rather than the entire text.
There are two variations of this task type. You may be asked to:
Where words have to be selected from the passage, the instructions will make it clear how many words or numbers you should use in your answers, e.g. ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage’, ‘ONE WORD ONLY’ or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’. If you write more than the number of words asked for, you will lose the mark.
Numbers can be written using figures or words. Hyphenated words count as single words. Where a list of answers is provided, they most frequently consist of a single word.
Because this task type often relates to precise factual information, it is often used with descriptive texts.
It will assess your ability to understand details and/or the main ideas of a section of text. In the variations involving a summary or notes, you will need to be aware of the type of word(s) that will fit into a given gap (for example, whether a noun is needed, or a verb, etc.).
Diagram label completion
In this question type, you are required to complete labels on a diagram, which relates to a description contained in the text. The instructions will make it clear how many words or numbers you should use in your answers, e.g. ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage’, ‘ONE WORD ONLY’ or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’. If you write more than the number of words asked for, you will lose the mark. Numbers can be written using figures or words. Hyphenated words count as single words. The answers do not necessarily occur in order in the passage. However, they will usually come from one section rather than the entire text.
The diagram may show some type of machine, or of parts of a building or of any other element that can be represented pictorially. This task type is often used with texts describing processes or with descriptive texts.
Diagram label completion assesses your ability to understand a detailed description, and to relate it to information presented in the form of a diagram.
Short-answer questions
In this question type, you are required to answer a question providing a short answer. You will answer questions which usually relate to factual information about details in the text.
You must write your answers using words or numbers from the text. The instructions will make it clear how many words or numbers you should use in your answers, e.g. ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage’, ‘ONE WORD ONLY’ or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’. If you write more than the number of words asked for, you will lose the mark.
Numbers can be written using figures or words. Hyphenated words count as single words. The questions are in the same order as the information in the text.
Short-answer questions assess your ability to locate and understand precise information in the text.
Ielts Academic Reading: Cambridge 6 Test 3 Reading Passage 1; Passage With No Title; With Top Solutions And Best Explanations
This Academic IELTS Reading post focuses on solutions to IELTS Cambridge 6 Reading Test 3 Reading Passage 1 about ‘History of films’. This is a post for IELTS candidates who have big problems finding out and understanding Reading Answers in the AC module. This post can guide you the best to understand every Reading answer without much trouble. Finding out IELTS Reading answers is a steady process, and this post will assist you in this respect.
IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 3: AC Reading Module
Reading Passage 1: Questions 1-13
This passage contains no title
Questions 1-5: Identifying information:
[This question asks you to find information from the passage and write the number of the paragraph (A, B, C or D … .. ) in the answer sheet. Now, if the question is given in the very first part of the question set, I’d request you not to answer them. It’s mainly because this question will not follow any sequence, and so it will surely kill your time. Rather, you should answer all the other questions first. And just like List of Headings, only read the first two lines or last two lines of the expected paragraph initially. If you find the answers, you need not read the middle part. If you don’t find answers yet, you can skim the middle part of the paragraph. Keywords will be a useful matter here.]
Question no. 1: the location of the first cinema
Keywords for the question: location, first cinema,
In paragraph A, read these lines carefully, “The Lumière Brothers opened their Cinematographe, at 14 Boulevard des Capucines in Paris, to 100 paying customers over 100 years ago, on December 8, 1985. Before the eyes of the stunned, thrilled audience, photographs came to life and moved across a flat screen.”
The following paragraphs (especially paragraph C) gives indication that 14 Boulevard des Capucines in Paris was the first location in the world to show a cinema.
So, the answer is: A
Question no. 2: how cinema came to focus on stories
Keywords for the question: how, cinema, focus on stories,
The first few lines of paragraph I indicate the answer as the writer explains here, “Cinema might, for example, have become primarily a documentary form. Or it might have developed like television -as a strange noisy transfer of music, information and narrative. But what happened was that it became, overwhelmingly, a medium for telling stories.
So, the answer is: I
Question no. 3: the speed with which cinema has changed
Keywords for the question: speed, cinema, changed,
Skim paragraph J to find how fast cinema has changed, “And it has all happened so quickly. Almost unbelievably, it is a mere 100 years since that train arrived and the audience screamed and fled, convinced by the dangerous reality of what they saw, and, perhaps, suddenly aware that the world could never be the same again -that, maybe, it could be better, brighter, more astonishing, more real than reality.”
Here, it is a mere 100 years mean that cinema has progressed very fast during 100 years.
So, the answer is: J
Question no. 4: how cinema teaches us about other cultures
Keywords for the question: how, cinema, teaches, other cultures,
The answer can be found in lines 1-6 of paragraph E. The writer says here, “One effect of this realism was to educate the world about itself. For cinema makes the world smaller. Long before people travelled to America or anywhere else, they knew what other places looked like; they knew how other people worked and lived. . .. .. .”
Here, they knew what other places looked like; they knew how other people worked and lived = cinema teaches us about other cultures,
So, the answer is: E
Question no. 5: the attraction of actors in films
Keywords for the question: attraction, actors, films,
The first lines of paragraph G give us the answer, “The ‘star’ was another natural consequence of cinema. The cinema star was effectively born in 1910. Film personalities have such an immediate presence that inevitably, they become super-real. .. ..”
Here, Film personalities = actors, an immediate presence = attractions,
So, the answer is: G
Question 6-9: YES, NO, NOT GIVEN
[In this type of question, candidates are asked to find out whether:
The statement in the question matches with the claim of the writer in the text- YES The statement in the question contradicts with the claim of the writer in the text- NO The statement in the question has no clear connection with the account in the text- NOT GIVEN
[TIPS: For this type of question, you can divide each statement into three independent pieces and make your way through with the answer.]
Question no. 6: It is important to understand how the first audiences reacted to the cinema.
Keywords for the question: important, understand, how, first audiences, reacted to, cinema,
The answer is found in lines 4-9 of paragraph B, “ . .. . But it is worth trying, for to understand the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema, the unique, hypnotic quality that has made films the most dynamic, effective art form of the 20th century.”
Here, it is worth trying = it is important, the initial shock of those images = how the first audiences reacted to the cinema,
So, the answer is: YES
Question no. 7: The Lumiere Brothers’ film about the train was one of the greatest films ever made.
Keywords for the question: Lumiere Brothers’ film, train, one of, greatest films ever made,
Paragraph C gives a detailed explanation of The Lumiere Brothers’ film about the train. Here, these lines may confuse you, “ . .. Yet the Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky, one of the greatest of all film artists, described the film as a ‘work of genius’.”
You need to read the question again; it asks about the film, not the film artists.
In this passage, there is no information about whether this film is one of the greatest films ever made or not.
So, the answer is: NOT GIVEN
Question no. 8: Cinema presents a biased view of other countries.
Keywords for the question: cinema, presents, biased view, other countries,
In paragraph E we find the information that cinema can make us aware about other countries. So, we can guess that the answer to this question should be found in the same paragraph. However, it does not say anywhere that cinema gives a biased view of other countries.
So, the answer is: NOT GIVEN
Question no. 9: Storylines were important in very early cinema.
Keywords for the question: storylines, important, very early cinema,
In paragraph D H lines 5-7 say, “ . .. . All that mattered at first was the wonder of movement. … . .”
Here, All that mattered at first = all that was important in very early cinema,
So, it was the wonder of movement, not the storylines.
So, the answer is: NO
Questions 11-13: Multiple choice questions
[This type of question asks you to choose a suitable answer from the options using the knowledge you gained from the passage. Generally, this question is found as the last question so you should not worry much about it. Finding all the answers to previous questions gives you a good idea about the title.]
Question no. 10: The writer refers to the film of the train in order to demonstrate –
Keywords for the question: the film of train, to demonstrate,
Take a look at these lines paragraph C where the writer talks about the film about the moving train presented by the Lumiere Brothers, “. . .. ‘As the train approached,’ wrote Tarkovsky, ’panic started in the theatre: people jumped and ran away. That was the moment when cinema was born. The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture.. … .”
Clearly, the writer explains the impact of the early films as mass people reacted with astonishment.
So, the answer is: B (the impact of early films)
Question no. 11: In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that it –
Keywords for the question: Tarkovsky’s opinion, attraction, cinema, it,
Take a look at lines 7-9 in paragraph D, “. . .. For Tarkovsky, the key to that magic dynamic image of the real flow of events. . ..”
Here, that magic dynamic image = attraction of the cinema, real flow of events = passing of time,
So, the answer is: C (illustrates the passing of time)
Question no. 12: When cinema first began, people thought that –
Keywords for the question: when, cinema, first begun, people, thought,
The answer can be found in paragraph H as the author says here, “.. .. When the Lumiere Brothers and other pioneers began showing off this new invention, it was by no means obvious how it would be used. All that mattered at first was the wonder of movement. Indeed, some said that, once this novelty had worn off, cinema would fade away. .. . .”
Here, by no means obvious = the future was uncertain,
So, the answer is: D (its future was uncertain)
Question no. 13: What is the best title for this passage?
Keywords for the question: best title,
During answering all the 12 questions, we have found out that the passage highlights the introduction, the development and different impacts of the cinema. Only two paragraphs in this passage talk about stars/ film artists, the dominance of Hollywood and a short comparison between cinema and novels.
The best choice from the four options has to be ‘The power of the big screen (cinema)’.
So, the answer is: D (The power of the big screen)
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Review 2 Cuốn Cambridge Ielts Trainer – Ielts Trainer 2 Academic Pdf+Audio
1/ Tổng quan về IELTS Trainer
Bộ sách IELTS Trainer
Bộ sách IELTS Trainer bao gồm hai cuốn là Cambridge IELTS Trainer 1 và IELTS Trainer 2 Academic: Six Practice Tests. Vì test trong sách này khó hơn đề thật nên dành cho bạn có band từ 4.5 IELTS trở nên để luyện thi do đó các bạn mới bắt đầu hoặc trình độ chưa cao thì không nên sử dụng cuốn này.
Sách IELTS Trainer sẽ đưa ra 6 đề luyện full 4 kĩ năng trong đó có 2 đề có đầy đủ chi tiết cách làm từng phần trong đó. Vừa luyện tập, vừa giải quyết tốt từng phần, đây là điểm cộng cho bộ sách IELTS Trainer.
Cụ thể, hai cuốn sách IELTS Trainer có cả phần đáp án của bài thi Reading và Listening. Tất cả đều được giải thích chi tiết và rõ ràng. Từ đó giúp người đọc dễ dàng nắm bắt được lỗi sai, hiểu ra lỗi sai nằm ở đâu và rút kinh nghiệm cho những bài sau.
Điểm trừ duy nhất của bộ IELTS Trainer là các dạng bài ở hai kỹ năng Writing, Speaking không có tính tổng quát. Bởi sách chỉ tập trung và việc hướng dẫn giải các bài test cụ thể. Chính vì vậy sau khi học xong các bạn vẫn có thể chưa giải quyết được hết các dạng bài sẽ gặp trong kỳ thi thật.
Với bản chất hai cuốn Cambridge IELTS Trainer 1 và IELTS Trainer 2 Academic để luyện đề, bạn nên được sử dụng trước khi bước vào kì thi, tức đã có nền IELTS và kiến thức về các kĩ năng từ trước.
2/ Review cuốn Cambridge IELTS Trainer 1
Cuốn Cambridge IELTS Trainer 1
Cuốn sách Cambridge IELTS Trainer 1 bao gồm:
6 bài kiểm tra: trong đó 2 bài đầu tiên có hướng dẫn cụ thể cho từng nhiệm vụ đề đưa ra, và 4 bài tiếp theo là đề theo đúng chuẩn format khi đi thi IELTS. Sách dành cho bạn có band 4.5 IELTS trở lên luyện đề.
Các mẹo hữu ích để bạn dễ dàng vượt qua kì thi, những điều cần làm và nên làm cho từng kĩ năng.
IELTS Trainer 1 phần đáp án chữa kĩ càng, với lời giải thích cho Listening, Reading và bài mẫu Writing.
Đối với Speaking sẽ có những câu hỏi và mẫu câu trả lời được phân tích cụ thể để giúp các bạn biết được cách trả lời như thế nào sẽ đạt điểm cao.
Cách học cuốn sách IELTS Trainer 1 thật hiệu quả: Nghiên cứu kỹ phần Training. Ghi chú ra những phần kiến thức quan trọng. Sau đó tiếp tục đến phần luyện đề, rồi đối chiếu với kết quả. Từ đó, bạn sẽ rút được ra kinh nghiệm hữu ích sau mỗi lần làm bài test. Bạn không nên chỉ đếm số câu đúng sai, mà cần xem kĩ phần giải thích để hiểu tại sao lại sai, và để ý xem đâu là kĩ năng bạn hay bị sai nhất, từ đó dành nhiều thời gian hơn để tập trung vào kĩ năng đó.
Link tải Cambridge IELTS Trainer 1 PDF + Audio: TẠI ĐÂY
3/ Sách IELTS Trainer 2 Academic
IELTS Trainer 2 Academic
Một siêu phẩm tiếp theo đến từ Cambridge là cuốn IELTS Trainer 2 Academic. Vẫn với format tương tự cuốn bên trên, cuốn số 2 này bao gồm 6 đề mới nhất của Cambridge, giúp bạn cập nhật các dạng đề thi mới nhất.
Cuốn IELTS Trainer 2 sẽ giúp bạn hệ thống, xác định trình độ bản thân hiện tại đang ở đâu. Từ đó, bạn có thể đặt mục tiêu và cố gắng luyện đề. Đặc biệt, sách Cambridge IELTS Trainer 2 dành cho những bạn mong muốn đạt được IELTS 6.0 – 6.5 trở lên chắc chắn không thể không đọc.
Ngoài cập nhật thêm các dạng đề mới, cuốn sách IELTS Trainer 2 đã cập nhật những thay đổi của phần Listening kể từ năm 2020. Phần Section giờ đã chuyển thành Part. Vậy nên thay vì nghe thấy “now turn to section 1”, bây giờ có thể bạn sẽ nghe thấy “now turn to part 1”. Một điểm đáng chú ý nữa là phần ví dụ của Part 1 giờ cũng không được đọc trong audio nữa, vậy nên có thể thấy các thí sinh bị mất đi khoảng 30-40 giây đó, rút ngắn thời gian đọc đề bài cho những phần sau.
Link download IELTS Trainer 2 pdf: TẠI ĐÂY
Link download IELTS Trainer 2 Academic bản Audio: TẠI ĐÂY
4/ Sử dụng sách IELTS Trainer phù hợp
Cuốn sách IELTS Trainer 1 và IELTS Trainer 2 quả thật rất hay và phù hợp để luyện đề thi. Bạn nên nghiên cứu thật kĩ những đề có hướng dẫn từng phần chi tiết của tác để hiểu hơn về cách làm của mỗi phần trong đề thi. Bạn hãy tổng hợp và ghi nhớ lại nội dung kiến thúc trọng điểm, các tips làm bài hay của từng phần sẽ giúp đạt điểm cao đáng kể. Chắc chắn rằng trong quá trình làm đề sẽ có lỗi sai, bạn cần để ý các lỗi đấy và xem các sửa để tránh lặp lại khi làm bài thi. Và tất nhiên là dành thời gian để rèn luyện các kĩ năng còn yếu, khắc phục sai sót của bản thân.
Download IELTS Trainer pdf bản đẹp Full: TẠI ĐÂY
Nếu có bất kỳ thắc mắc về sách học hay vấn đề trong quá trình ôn luyện IELTS thì hãy để lại thông tin và bạn sẽ có được câu trả lời trong thời gian sớm nhất.
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